VALENTINE'S DAY LECTURE II THE PROOF, A QUICK SUMMARY Good evening, today is Friday evening February 20th, 2009. Tonight we are going to continue the Valentine's day lecture on The Proof. In the last lecture we went over the second line of the proof, because it was the first discovered. The second line of the proof is simply: Learning across a distance implies Learning by Being an Effect. The original cognition was simply that if an object has no effect on you whatsoever, then there is no way to know anything about that object, not even that it exists, EVEN IF you are having a tremendous effect on it. Of course if it is having no effect on you, you wouldn't know you were having an effect on it, but that only serves to drive the point home. Now one can honestly ask why this rule might be so, and we may not be able to answer why in the way you would like. But some more things can be said about it that will shed light on where further philosophical research might want to go. It has to do with the idea of two different objects. Just to be silly about this we are going to formally define two different objects as any two objects that are not one and same object. But really it has to do with quality sets. Every object in the universe has its own quality set, its own defining set of qualities that completely describe it. Even the nothing has a quality set unique to it, even though it's empty. These quality sets include not only the qualities the object has alone, but also all the qualities the object has by virtue of its myriad relations with other objects, and of course both kinds of qualities may change over time. Say we have a ball, that's our object. The ball is round, this is a quality the object has alone. The ball is on the table, this is a quality the object has unalone, because it is in relation to the table. Notice the quality 'the ball is on the table' is ALSO a quality of the table, it is just as true of the table that 'the ball is on the table' as it is true of the ball. And so it is with all qualities of relation, they belong equally to both objects that are in relation while they are in relation. So every object has its quality set and from here it becomes easy to define two different objects. Formally, A and B are two different objects if and only if they have two different quality sets. Thus a red round ball over here on this table, is a different object than an 'identical' red round ball over there on that table. As a convenience we like to claim they are identical, but of course they aren't, or they would be one and the same object. On the other hand if both balls were identical in EVERY quality, and rested in the same spot on the same table at the same time, then one would have to say there was only one ball there, as long as NOTHING discriminated between them. In other words claiming that A and B have identical quality sets and yet are two different objects is a direct contradiction of the definition of two different objects. Notice that this definition implies that as an object moves through time it becomes another different object. An object at 12 noon has one quality set which includes it's location in time of 12 noon. That 'same' object 1 second later has a quality set which includes its location in time of 12 noon plus 1 second. That's two different quality sets, and thus two different objects. Again as a convenience we like to think of a ball sitting on the table as the same ball from moment to moment, certainly my kitty Mirabilis (miracle) sitting on the bed is better thought of as the same cat through out the day rather than a whole string of different cats that all look the same. We can't quite see the USE of considering them different cats, so we don't. But in fact this idea that an object is the same object across time is an anthropomorphization of our own conscious self which is timeless and which in fact does not change at all as time passes as it has no location in time. What the conscious self SEES has location in its particular space time framework, but the seer is not in nor of space time, and thus it does not move nor change with time. Our bodies may grow older, our chemicals buzz around and change, the contents of our consciousness certainly changes, but all along there is something that is me that doesn't change. I am still the same *HOMER* from moment to moment no matter how much my accoutrements of reality change. Thus the composite called Homer and his body have a quality set in which many qualities are changing as the 'object moves through time', but there are at least a few qualities that never change, even with time, and that's the true me, the Timeless One. And so it is, the true thing that Homer calls 'I' is a spaceless, timeless motion source, and everything he sources is changing, but somehow the source itself is not. Yes the source's qualities of relation with respect to the things the source is sourcing are changing, so many of the qualities of relation in the source's quality set are changing, But there is a set of qualities of BEING in the source's quality set that are not changing, because for them, there is no time to change in. BEINGNESS is above time, BECOMINGNESS is inside time. Thus the entity called Homer has both timeless qualities of being and temporal qualities of becoming. It is the timeless qualities of being that make up the true timeless and unchanging Homer. We tend to (wrongly) think that this true 'Homer', that remains the same object from moment to moment, is also moving in time, so we consider other things that actually do move in time to also be the same object from moment to moment. But in fact the 'Homer' object is timeless and doesn't move in time, and thus it is truly changeless, and we therefore must not make the mistake of assigning qualities of timeless beingness to entities that live in space and time and have only temporal becomingness. We also must never make the mistake of assigning qualities of temporality (in time) to entities that live above space and time and have only extemporal beingingness. Same thing goes for Mirabilis, if she were a physical robot with no consciousness, well then the rule applies, she is a new cat every second. But since Mira is a conscious unit IN a body, just like you and me, she too has a timeless core, and it is the unseen timelessness of that core spilling over into space time, that allows us the idea that she is the same 'cat' from second to second. She is not the same cat, she is the same BEING which is what is left over after all the physical catiness is removed. But who cares, as long as it doesn't get us into trouble, we can consider the physical cat is constant too, the same cat from moment to moment, even though it grows old and every atom in it is brand new every couple of months. At best the ARRANGEMENT of her parts is constant through time, but even that constancy would only apply to the most gross observation of arrangement, as like any living organism, its structure only looks constant at a very macroscopic level. You know some would argue that animals are not conscious, are not a conscious unit, are not conscious beings. Take one of Mira's little paws and snap it in two like a pencil. Does she feel pain? If not then she is just a bag of chemicals simmering away at 98.6F. If she feels pain, then she has a conscious unit inside her that experiences things just like you and me, and she IS that conscious unit just like you and me are our conscious units. She may not have the highly evolved conscious functions of humor, thought, philosophy, creativity, music, and ethics that we have, but she has the same conscious functions of perception, color, hearing, taste, smell, pleasure, pain and emotion that we have. You may never have seen a dog cry, but if you have never known a dog to be sadder than sad, you are pretty dead yourself. It is the conscious unit that feels pain, not the bag of ball bearings that make up the body. It may be true that the state of the ball bearings pre signals (causally precurses) the pain in the conscious unit, but conscious pain is not merely a process in or the arrangement of things that do not feel pain themselves. You can't make pain out of things that do not feel pain. Pain is not a process in an arrangement of painless parts. Since the whole point of The Proof is that conscious units can do things that physical objects CAN NOT, it is important to maintain a clear distinction between the conscious and physical aspects of a composite being. So in the world of The Proof these lackadaisical attitudes towards what are, and are not 'two different objects', can run us into serious trouble. Therefore social usage of language is out, and we need to stick to the more accurate formalisms presented here. Two different objects means two different quality sets. Two different quality sets means two different objects. For example it is sometimes easier to notice that one quality set has changed state, than to notice the differences between that same quality set and another almost identical one. Thus we have a theorem that says if the quality set of one object changes, and the quality set of the other object does not, then they were and are two different objects. To wit: If A and B are two objects and A changes and B doesn't, then A and B were and are two different objects. ANY DIFFERENCE IN STATE, OR DIFFERENCE IN CHANGE BETWEEN TWO OBJECTS, BE IT IN SPACE OR TIME, OR ALONG ANY OTHER DIMENSION OR QUALITY, MAKES THEM TWO DIFFERENT OBJECTS. You might rightly ask doesn't the phrase 'two objects' imply 'two different objects,' and the answer is no. One object can have more than one name. So we can say that A and B are two objects, but if they have identical quality sets then A and B are one and the same object, with two different names. A and B are still two objects, but they are not two different objects. Subtle but important use of language here. Thus, BY DEFINITION, two objects can mean two different objects, but it can also mean one and the same object called by multiple names. So we can validly say that A and B are two objects which are yet one and the same object. Notice if A and B are two objects which are one and the same object, there isn't a problem of two different quality sets here, one for A with A's name in it, and another for B with B's name in it, because the one object has one quality set which includes both names. If indeed A and B had two different quality sets, then A and B would in fact be two different objects. So mama and mommy all point back to mother, who is one and the same object whether she is named mama, mommy, mother or mummy. The reason we spend so much time on this issue of two different objects, is because of the issue of learning by being an effect which we have detailed in the previous lecture. That issue is stated in the following rewording of the original discovery: IF A AND B ARE TWO DIFFERENT OBJECTS, THE ONLY WAY THEY CAN LEARN ABOUT EACH OTHER IS BY BEING AN EFFECT OF EACH OTHER. Now that is a major statement, but by itself still doesn't get us to the second line of The Proof. We need to take a look at space and time and notice something about them that is true about ALL dimensional extensions. A dimension is a series of objects (in this case points in space or time whether or not they have any mass or energy in them) which are otherwise identical, EXCEPT that they are at different positions in space and time! In other words, in an empty space, if you take a good look at any two randomly chosen points in that space, there will be no difference between them at all, EXCEPT their position in relation to each other and to all the other points in that space. That pretty well defines a 'dimension', which can be applied to space and time where you have a collection of objects, namely 'points' or 'moments' in space time, which are identical except in their differing relations to the rest. If it were not for their relation to the rest, there wouldn't be any difference between them at all! The important part of this is, because two different points in space have different quality sets by definition, namely in their quality of relations to each other, they must be two different objects! Thus if a solid object (of mass, energy or consciousness) actually occupies those points of space, they too must be two different objects. Thus we come to the next assertion which is IF A AND B ARE SEPARATED BY AN ACTUAL DISTANCE, THEN A AND B ARE TWO DIFFERENT OBJECTS. By distance we mean any distance along space or time or any other dimension of any other kind. By actual we mean true space or time rather than a convenient holographic rendition or illusion, dream, imagination, or hallucination of space and time. Now the above statement that distance between A and B implies they are two different objects, is also a major assertion and needs as much study as it can get, but it's rather intuitively obvious so many tend to gloss it over when doing deep philosophical analysis of these things. So let's take these 2 assertions and see where they lead us. A.) IF A AND B ARE SEPARATED BY AN ACTUAL DISTANCE, THEN A AND B ARE TWO DIFFERENT OBJECTS. B.) IF A AND B ARE TWO DIFFERENT OBJECTS, THEN THEY MUST LEARN ABOUT EACH OTHER BY BEING AN EFFECT. Thus we conclude that IF A AND B ARE SEPARATED BY AN ACTUAL DISTANCE, THEN THEY MUST LEARN ABOUT EACH OTHER BY BEING AN EFFECT. The second line of The Proof rewords this as simply, 2.) DISTANCE AND LEARNING IMPLIES LEARNING BY BEING AN EFFECT. OK, so that was a quick summary of the first lecture, and shows some of the philosophical development that went into determining its truth and importance. I am sure more can and will be said about it by other's in the future. As I also said in the previous lecture, The Proof comes to some astounding conclusions, many of which might seem unacceptable at first. As in any logical proof, if one doesn't like the conclusion, one either has to argue with the logic, or find that one of the earlier assumptions is wrong. As you will come to see, the bare logical form of The Proof is air tight, there can be no argument with it. However it's 4 major assumptions are of course all fair game, including number 2 above, which is the second assumption, first discovered, of The Proof. Once they are all presented and argued for, the average reader will be tempted to accept number 2.) above, and try to take apart assumptions 1.), 3.) and 4.). Notice we haven't said what 1.), 3.) and 4.) are yet! A good amount of time will be spent trying to invalidate 3.) in particular, but in the end most people finally accept 1, 3 and 4, and come back to 2 and dwell on it for a very long time as the devil in the works. So we give it to you here first. "If you can see something and it looks like it is out there (seperated from you by a distance), it can't be out there, because if it were out there you wouldn't be able to see it." - Nursery Rhyme. Number 2.) may seem reasonable now, but when you see where it leads, it won't. When you see this happening in yourself, you can take it as a sign that you are finally getting The Proof at a deep level. OK, let's take a break here for coffee and donuts, and we will continue after the break. CERTAINTY AND UNCERTAINTY So let's get on with the next line of the proof which deals with the nature of certainty and uncertainty. Certainty is a quality of relation between the knower, which is your conscious you, and that which is known, which is data about the quality sets of various objects which are the known about. The various objects can be direct conscious experiences like perceptions of space, time, color, taste, smell, hearing, pleasure and pain, or implied objects such as the objects in the alleged physical universe, an apple, car or body. So you have the knower, the known (what is known), and the known about. Say you have a square book with a red cover. The knower is self aware, so that is you operating as a conscious unit. The known about is the book. And the known are the two qualities of being called square and red. You are one object, and the book is the other object, and so you are learning through a distance about the book by looking at it, namely receiving photons from it. Thus you and the book are two different objects, and you are learning about the book by being the effect of it. It is this process of learning between two different objects that we are most interested in here for the moment. You say 'The house is red'. OK, that's a statement of fact, but it could be wrong for many reasons. The house could be green, another statement of fact, which in this happens to be true. So statements are always of the form Quality belongs to Object or Object belongs to Class. Statement can be true or false. True and false are both qualities of relation between a statement and a given specified actuality (the house in this case). Certainty and uncertainty are qualities of relation between a given specified knower and a given specified statement. We now have to go back to take a good long look at exactly what learning by being an effect means, and why it can never produce a perfect certainty about the object under question. DIRECT PERCEPTION AND INDIRECT PERCEPTION. The issue is really not about certainty and uncertainty, so much as it is about whether you can see anything at all when you are looking at another object. If you can't see the object you are learning about, then clearly there will be a lack of certainty in learning. On the other hand if you can see the object directly, like you can with your own conscious experiences, then perfect certainty of what you see is available, because: CONSCIOUS SEEING IS PERFECT CERTAINTY IS CONSCIOUS SEEING IS PERFECT CERTAINTY. So the real issue here is not certainty or uncertainty, but seeing and not seeing, or more formally direct and indirect perception. Direct perception means learning about an object by looking at it directly. That produces a perfect certainty born of direct contact. Indirect perception means learning about an object by looking at SOMETHING ELSE, ie SOME OTHER OBJECT. This produces only evidence, model and theory born of indirect contact. One might want to argue that a single moment of direct perception will only leave a memory in its wake so perfect certainty probably wouldn't apply. But the kind of direct perception we are talking about is continuously reverifiable direct perception in present time, where one can SEE the causal relation between the cause and the effect of learning from the cause, which then leads to a continuing perfect certainty in present time. Learning by direct perception of the cause, is not the same as learning by indirect perception of the cause by direct perception of the effect. The first is perfect certainty of the cause. The second is perfect certainty of the effect! Big difference. Perfect certainties are NEVER about the past, they are ONLY about the PRESENT, namely about direct perceptions continuously going on NOW. between causes and effects IN THE SAME MOMENT OF TIME. Clearing perception of an effect a moment later than the cause is not direct perception of the cause a moment before. Time is the great deluder, as we live under the illusion that we can perceive with certainty across a span of time as to what caused what. Now the first thing we notice, is that learning by being an effect fits the definition of indirect perception perfectly. Learning by being an effect takes advantage of the fact that when object A causes object B to change state, the change in B or B's new state, has a data imprint ON B about the nature of A, namely how A is able to effect B. That might not seem like a lot to know about anything, but if you take a look at it, the only things we need to know about other things is how they affect us, our survival, and how we affect them in fair trade. If they help us survive, then we want to help them survive back. If they harm our survival, then we want to know that too. If they have qualities that don't affect us, then who cares, right? So this is a major statement then: All you can learn by being an effect is how things affect you, and how things affect you is all you NEED to learn about anything in the physical universe for any purposes you might have. You also want to know how you affect others or other things, but without them affecting you back, you can't know that either! Seems kind of dry, and unpoetic, but cause and effect are the warp and woof of life, and if it ain't cause and effect, well it might as well not BE at all, because you aren't going to know about it anyhow. It might take a while for this to sink in, but eventually you will see that it is inexorable. If something doesn't affect you, directly or indirectly in any way whatsoever, from the beginning of time to the end of time, it might as well not exist for you. NO MATTER HOW MUCH YOU AFFECT SOMETHING, IF IT HAS NO AFFECT ON YOU AT ALL, THEN IT MIGHT AS WELL NOT EXIST, AS YOU WILL NEVER KNOW ABOUT IT. The absence of an objects's effect on you, does NOT prove that the object does not exist, only that it doesn't matter to you if it exists or not, as there is no consequence to you or anything that affects you, of it existing or not existing. So say there is some object way out in the distance like a star, and you want to learn about it. That star has to send a photon out across space and time to reach your telescope and which puts an image on a piece of paper or viewing screen, which then bounces off the paper and hits your eyes, your brain, and eventually your consciousness. This sets up a causal chain or pathway (same thing), from the star to your consciousness, that hopefully carries data about the star to you. Notice you never get to see the star directly, and in fact by the time the photon gets to your telescope, THAT STAR WHICH EMITTED THE PHOTON IS GONE. Remember, the star, as it moves along in time, is a new different object every moment that passes. So the star that emitted that photon, X amount of time ago, is gone the next instant of time, even though there may still be a similar star in its place a moment later. So you never see the the original star , do you? You only see a symbol for the star as the photon hits the film paper at the end of the telescope. You have no clue if the star was even out there, as God could have created that photon mid flight to make it look like the star created it. So you have no certainty of the star as it was when it first originated the causal pathway to you, and certainly no certainty of the star as it is now, which you can't see at all and won't be able to until the causal pathway completes at your nose. So all you have of the star is indirect 'evidence' of the star which is the image formed by the telescope on its film plane. Indirect evidence is not perfect certainty, it is only theory, thus learning about A by looking at B can not produce a perfect certainty about A, not even that A even existed then or exists now, let alone that A affected B. But the issue is not certainty but seeing. All learning comes from seeing, conscious seeing or experience. So if you are certain of it, you saw or are seeing it. If you have not seen it, you can't be certain about it. The point is that you never see the star itself, only a theoretical representation of the star later in time. You only get to see an AMBASSADOR here now of the distant object that was there then, never the object itself. The ambassador is the photon that covers the distance between you and the alleged star, otherwise know as the causal messenger wave, or the causal pathway between the star and your consciousness. How can you be certain of something YOU CAN NOT SEE DIRECTLY? REFERENTS AND SYMBOLS REVISITED So remember A and B above, where A causes B to change state. A is the referent, what we are trying to learn about, and B is the symbol which we use to determine the nature of A. So put in these terms you can never aquire perfect certainty of a referent by seeing or looking at a symbol of or for the referent. RENDERED AND RENDITION We call the area of B that changed state the RENDITION ZONE, and the change in state itself the RENDERING. We hope that the rendering in B will give us some evidence about the RENDERED which is A, but a rendering in B will NEVER give us a perfect certainty about A, because you can't get a perfect certainty about an object by looking at something else. That's like trying to see west by looking east. Let me say it again, lest you might think I am being lax in my logic here. If you are going to take me to task about something, THIS is what you are going to take me to task for. YOU CAN NEVER GET A PERFECT CERTAINTY ABOUT AN OBJECT BY LOOKING AT A DIFFERENT OBJECT. IF A AND B ARE TWO DIFFERENT OBJECTS, YOU CAN NEVER GET A PERFECT CERTAINTY ABOUT A VIA B, OR BY LOOKING AT B OR STUDYING B. Worse if YOU are 'seeing' B via yourself being the effect of B, you can never learn about A by being the effect of B. But even if you ARE B being the effect of A, you can still never learn with perfect certainty about A even by BEING B, because as B you are still learning about A by being an effect of A, using changes in state IN YOURSELF AS B, to determine the nature of A that might have caused those changes. INDIRECT PERCEPTION OF ANY KIND PRODUCES ONLY EVIDENCE, MODEL AND THEORY. ONLY DIRECT PERCEPTION PRODUCES A PERFECT CERTAINTY. Indirect perception is learning about A by looking at B. Direct perception is learning about A by looking at A. Direct perception between two different objects is impossible. Therefore direct perception across a distance is impossible. The only way to have direct perception of A is to BE A. Therefore consciousness which sees itself directly, and thus has perfect certainty of itself, has no distance between perceiver and perceived in either space or time. Thus certainty of the past is impossible and certainty of out there is impossible. Thus certainty of time is impossible, and certainty of space is impossible. Both space and time are renditions in your consciousness of things that do not actually exist, which rendition itself neither takes up any space or time. Thus one's conscious experience of space and time is merely a rendered symbol for space and time, which symbol itself takes up no space or time. Indirect perception is learning about cause by being its effect, and computing back from the nature of the effect to the possible nature of the cause before in time. Direct perception is learning about cause by looking at cause. A machine can't do that. Consciousness can, its called self luminosity and results in awareness, self awareness of awareness, self awareness of self awareness of awareness, ad infinitum, all in the same moment. We call this instantaneous self reverifiability. Consciousness can be aware of its awareness NOW. A machine can only be 'aware' of what is WAS aware of a moment before. A machine can reverify what it perceivED by perceiving again, and comparing the two different events. Consciousness can produce a perfect reverifiability of the now in the now. Consciousness is a timeless moment of infinite self verifying self awareness. That's why it is CERTAIN of itself. There is no causal tom foolery between looking at knowing to make consciousness THINK it is certain of itself when really it isn't. Machines can only work in time and can only be aware of what WAS even in themselves. By the time a machine records the fact of any event, even in itself, that event is long gone, and remains forever a theory to the machine, even its own existence. That's because a machine can not see any part of itself directly. One atom on one side of a machine has no clue if another atom on the other side of the same machine, or even right next to it, even exists. A conscious unit can directly perceieve how it IS. The process of looking at itself takes up no time or space. A machine can only indirectly perceive how it WAS. The process of looking at itself takes up both time and space every time. So let's go back to our star and telescope and film plane. Now in fact you never see the image on the telescope film plane directly either, because that too has to send MORE photons to your eye, which then converts it to optic nerve signals, and then brain signals, and finally to your consciousness WHICH YOU CAN SEE DIRECTLY. So what you SEE is not the star, but a representation of that star in your conscious experience. Your consciousness is your personal rendition zone, and what you see in your consciousness is a rendering, a symbol of final authority, from which you try to find evidence about the nature of what you consider caused it to appear. You have certainty of the rendition but not of the rendered. What you SEE, you have perfect certainty of, namely your conscious experience of the star, which acts as a symbol for the true star, the original referent which you can not see directly. But the fact that you have perfect certainty of the SYMBOL in your consciousness, does not imply you have perfect certainty of the original referent, not even that it existed at the time that the symbol implies it did. The symbol is seen directly and thus is a perfect certainty, but it is only a theory that the existence of the symbol implies the existence or nature of the referent. Your consciousness is a HUD, Heads Up Display, that purportedly is showing you a picture of the physical universe, but in the end you see your conscious display, and never the physical universe. Seeing a picture of a cow, is not the same thing as seeing a cow. Moooo.... In the end you are looking at the star by looking at something else, namely your consciousness experience of the image of the star on the film plane, and that fits perfectly the definition of indirect perception and learning by being an effect. Notice also in the example above, your conscious rendition is three times removed from the original referent, because first the photon allegedly comes from the star to the film plane, and then again from the film plane to your eye/brain, and then finally to your consciousness. Those are called causal hops. So although we have perfect certainty of our conscious experience, we have no certainty whatsoever about anything our consciousness purports to represent to us. And it is a grand error to attribute the certainty we have of our symbol to the referent. Leaving out the film plane this time, the causal pathway can be symbolized something like the following. Star -> Photon -> Telescope -> Eye -> Brain -> Consciousness <- You Or to simplify the point: S -> P -> T -> E -> B -> C <- Y NOW LOOK THIS IS IMPORTANT SO DON'T GO BY IT OR YOU ARE DOOMED TO BECOME A CHAIR (CHAIRMAN OF A DEPARTMENT) WITH A THESIS HANGING ON THE WALL, SPENDING YOUR LAST DAYS TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHAT IT SHOULD READ ON YOUR TOMBSTONE. Let's take a look at it again. S -> P -> T -> E -> B -> C <- Y Where ever there is an arrow pointing to the right ->, there is indirect perception. Wherever there is an arrow pointing to the left <-, there is direct perception. The arrow pointing to the right means you are learning about the left hand object by looking at the right hand object that was the left hand object's effect. The arrow pointing to the left means you are learning about the left hand object by looking directly at the left hand object as cause. You can't see the star, so you look at the photon. Star - > Photon But you can't see the photon, so you look at the telescope image. Photon -> Telescope image But you can't see the telescope image, so you look at your eye's retina. Telescope image -> Retina But you can't see your eye's retina, so you look at your brain. Retina -> Brain But you can't see your brain, so you look at your consciousness. Brain -> Consciousness But your consciousness you CAN see, so that ends the learning process at YOU, the *CONSCIOUS* symbol of final authority, in a perfect certainty. Consciousness rendition <- You. But what are you certain of? The star? No. The photon? No. The telescope? No. The film? No. The photons bouncing off the film? No? The image on your retina? No. The crap in your brain? No. Your conscious experience? Yes. Notice that each object to the left is a referent to the object on the right which is a symbol. The causal path way passes data about the object on the left by imprinting it on the object on the right through cause and effect. The right hand object (symbol) is imprinted with data about the nature of the cause of the object on the left (referent). The symbol, thus changed, then becomes a referent of its own, and imprints it's cause on the state of the next object in line as the new symbol. Thus the causal pathway of learning goes from referent to symbol which then becomes a referent in its own right relative to the next symbol in line. This is HOW data flows through the universe, from referent to symbol over and over again. Each event in the causal pathway is a symbol to the event that caused it, and a referent to the event it will cause. Thus data about the orignal referent spreads out through the universe via the continuous impingement of cause and effect over and over again, forming what we call a causal continuum. But notice that the chain of referent and symbol ends at the last step where the last symbol becomes the last referent in the chain, namely your conscious experience with NO MORE SYMBOLS AFTER IT. Consciousness does not learn about itself by looking at events prior to itself, nor by passing more data onto the next waiting symbol in line. Consciousness learns about itself by looking AT ITSELF. That is the end of the causal pathway right there. Thus we say that consciousness, as the last referent in the causal pathway of learning, is Self Symbolizing. When consciousness learns about ITSELF, it isn't doing so by looking, causing or effecting anything ELSE in the chain. The chain ends there. Yes consciousness may originally be used to symbolize and thus learn about the star, but once consciousness comes to realize that it is consciousness learning about the star by seeing itself learning about the star, referent and symbol become one. Self Symbolizingness is living self awareness and self luminousness. Even if you could be certain of the star using the evidence in your consciousness, it would be a CALCULATED certainty, not a directly perceived certainty. A calculated certainty is something like a syllogism: I received an effect. This effect had to be caused by something. Therefore there is a cause out there, hopefully a star! A calculated 'certainty', beside being an oxymoron, is a logical computation or deduction from the effect back to the cause. A logical computation says that "I assume that effect implies cause, I know I changed state (received an effect), thus there must be a cause!" That process of logical computation is NOT the process of directly seeing the cause source, and the causation between that cause source and the effect, and being able to verify that the cause source really was the source of the effect, as you can with your conscious experiences. Worse a logical computation is only as useful as we have certainty of its assumptions. All effects are caused. I received an effect. Thus there must be a cause. Quickly, without going too deep into this, if a machine is limited to learning by being an effect, then that machine can never prove there IS a cause, because effect does NOT imply cause. An effect (change in state in an object) may be necessary to the existence of cause, for what good is a cause if it can't produce any effects. But an effect is not sufficient to the existence of a cause. Things can change state for no reason or prior state. The scientist's greatest nightmare. Thus where there is cause, there must be an effect. But where there is an effect, there may or may not be cause. Thus viewing effects is not sufficient to determine the existence or nature of cause. Since effects are all you can know of cause by indirect perception, and since effects are not sufficient to witness cause, we can piss everyone off by saying that using only indirect perception, CAUSE IS NOT SUFFICIENT TO WITNESS CAUSE! THE MACHINE CERTAINTY THEOREM That is basically the machine certainty theorem right there, a machine that learns by being an effect can never prove there is cause, and thus can never be certain of anything, including it's own existence. No object can ever learn about its own existence without interacting via cause and effect with itself, in which case the effect that is produced could be considered possible evidence there was also a cause. But that is not a certainty. You see a machine can only know it was an effect, changed state, it can never know it was a cause just prior to the effect. Secondly even the assertion "I am certain I received an effect" is false, because if a machine is limited to learning by being effect, the machine can't even tell if it has changed state with perfect certainty. Mechanical state does not prove prior different mechanical state. You gotta prove CHANGE to prove effect, and you can't use effect to prove cause, so why bother anyhow? This is getting a bit beyond ourselves here, and we will leave these arguments for a future lecture but the important point here is that EVEN IF LOGICAL COMPUTATION COULD GIVE RISE TO A PERFECT CERTAINTY BETWEEN TWO DIFFERENT OBJECTS, IT STILL WOULDN'T BE THE SAME PROCESS AS DIRECT SEEING SUCH AS TAKES PLACE IN CONSCIOUSNESS. Think and direct perception are not the same thing. Logically computing that the star exists because of a photon that hits your eye is not the same order of thing as seeing the star DIRECTLY. But two different objects can NEVER see each other directly, and thus are limited to logical computation from evidence, theory and model to whatever 'certainties' (low grade predictabilities) they can pretend to. But a calculated certainty in the world of evidence and theoretical models is an oxymoron, so in truth no certainty can be had of the star at all because you and the star are two different objects. AND THAT IS A PERFECT CERTAINTY ABOUT PERFECT CERTAINTY. And no that is not circular, it is in fact quite deep. Every event between the star and you is a cause effect sequence spreading out into space. During every event, data about the object on the left is imprinted on the object on the right. Data about the object on the left is RENDERED in the RENDITION ZONE of the object on the right. As the causal chain expands out into space and time, data is carried along with it in the form of changes in state that are caused along the way. These changes in state are symbolic representations, renditions, and re renditions of the nature of the original referent. The final change in state is the conscious picture that forms in you when you look back down that causal chain at the star. The final change in state is the symbol of final authority. There can never be any perfect certainty between any original referent and any symbol of final authority, if the referent and the symbol are TWO DIFFEERNT OBJECTS in space or time. You are looking at your consciousness, but your consciousness was the effect of your brain, which was the effect of your optic nerve, which was the effect of your retina, which was the effect of your eye lens, which was the effect of photons coming off the telescope display screen, which was the effect of photons coming from the star which was the effect of its internal processes that created the photon in the first place. Everything that you learn about the original referent, namely the star, comes from the symbol of final authority, namely your conscious image of the event many moments of time later than the original referent. AT THE TIME YOU HAVE A PERFECT CERTAINTY IN YOUR CONSCIOUSNESS, THE ORIGINAL REFERENT IS GONE. Original referent and symbol of final authority never exist at the same space or time. Not only were you unable to see the original referent when it existed, you certainly are not able to see it later when it no longer exists at all! SEEING THE ALLEGED EFFECT OF AN OBJECT IS NOT SEEING THE OBJECT! SEEING THE SYMBOL IS NOT SEEING THE REFERENT. SEEING THE REPRESENTATION IS NOT SEEING THE REPRESENTED. SEEING THE RENDITION IS NOT SEEING THE RENDERED. BEING THE EFFECT IS NOT SEEING THE CAUSE. Talking to the ambassador is not talking to the King. Out of convenience (namely arrogance, vanity, conceit and hubris) we like to think that seeing the effect of an object is the same as seeing the object, but this is collapsing symbol and referent into one and the same object, and is the reason it has taken us 50,000 years of unintelligent evolution to figure The Proof out! THUS IF YOU YOURSELF ARE NOT THE ORIGINAL REFERENT, YOU CAN NEVER SEE THE ORIGINAL REFERENT DIRECTLY. THUS THE ORIGINAL REFERENT THAT EXISTED BACK THEN, REMAINS A THEORY BASED ON THE EVIDENCE OF YOUR CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE NOW. We need to notice that the vast majority of the causal pathway between the star and you consists of many different indirect perception events, each one leading to the next, each one 'learning' about the object before it, by being the effect of that prior object after it. Notice there is no consciousness involved in any of these events. Only in the end is there one single event of direct perception which is the relationship between the conscious perceiver and the consciously perceived. Consciousness is different, it can do this weird thing called direct perception which nothing else in the universe can. In the physical universe of dead force and mass in motion, everything learns by BECOMING, changing state through time as an effect of some cause. One learns about the nature of the prior cause via the nature of the present effect in one's self. In the conscious universe of will and motivation, everything 'learns' by BEING, because being and knowing, cause and effect have become one, in one timeless spaceless moment of coexistence. Cause and effect are not longer two different objects but one single event. It's called self awareness through self luminousness, lit by nothing else. Imagine a flash light whose every object that it illuminates IS the light ray that illuminates it. OK, we will continue this during the next lecture. Thank you for coming. Homer VALENTINE'S DAY LECTURE I - THE PROOF, A QUICK SUMMARY http://www.clearing.org/archive?/val/val1.txt VALENTINE'S DAY LECTURE II - THE PROOF, A QUICK SUMMARY http://www.clearing.org/archive?/val/val2.txt VALENTINE'S DAY LECTURE III - THE PROOF, A QUICK SUMMARY http://www.clearing.org/archive?/val/val3.txt VALENTINE'S DAY LECTURE IV - THE PROOF, A QUICK SUMMARY http://www.clearing.org/archive?/val/val4.txt VALENTINE'S DAY LECTURE V - THE PROOF, A QUICK SUMMARY http://www.clearing.org/archive?/val/val5.txt